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Eating Offal 101: The Keto Guide To Organ Meats

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Early humans prized offal, or organ meats, over other animal parts. They would reach straight for the heart, liver, and kidneys of an animal — often throwing the muscle meat (like steak) to the dogs.

Our ancestors were onto something. As it turns out, organs are some of the most nutrient-dense foods on the planet.

In this guide to offal, you’ll learn the specific health benefits of liver, kidneys, heart, and more, the difference between organ meats and multivitamins, and how to bring offal into your diet and make it taste good.

What Is Offal?

Offal refers to an animal’s organs and entrails. These nutrient-rich organs — also called variety meats — are featured in many international cuisines, but are rare in most Western diets.

The four typical kinds of offal are chicken offal, beef offal, lamb offal, and pork offal. Offal dishes often include the tongue, heart, liver, kidneys, or intestines of the animal.

You may cringe at the thought of eating heart or liver. Many home cooks consider offal meats to be throwaways — mere animal by-products that are more appropriate as pet food (offal is also great for pets, by the way).

Yet many countries have organ-based dishes that whet millions of appetites every day. And offer an array of nutrients you can’t get in such density in other foods.

You’ll learn about some of these dishes later. For now, let’s talk about the health benefits of offal.

Health Benefits Of Offal

Our ancestors couldn’t take a slab of liver into the lab and analyze its nutrient density. Nonetheless, they prized it over muscle meat and could feel that it was good for them.

They were right. Organ meats — particularly liver, kidneys, and heart — serve as nature’s multivitamin supplements. Other types of offal are less nutrient-rich, but still have health benefits worth mentioning.

Nutrients In Common Organ Meats

Below is a list of common offal along with nutrients found in each.

#1 Liver

When it comes to organ meats, liver is king. While liver doesn’t taste great (unless you prepare it properly), it’s top of the list for nutrition.

Liver is a fantastic source of micronutrients that are hard to find elsewhere.

Of all the livers, beef liver is the best source of vitamins and minerals. Pork and chicken liver are good options too — but in terms of micronutrient requirements: a few ounces of beef liver can literally carry you through the week.

Liver is full of:

  • Preformed vitamin A — or retinol — for eye and immune health. 4 ounces of beef liver contains 19,000 IU of vitamin A (about 400% of the RDA for vitamin A)[*].
  • Zinc for immune health and hormone production
  • Choline for cognitive health and cellular membrane support
  • Vitamin B12 for cellular energy production and methylation[*]
  • Folate for energy production, methylation, and DNA repair
  • Iron for red blood cell production
  • Copper for increasing iron absorption in the gut. Copper deficiency can cause anemia, and beef liver is a rare dietary source of copper[*].

#2 Heart

Heart is rich in CoQ10, a powerful antioxidant shown to be cardioprotective in high-risk patients[*].

In terms of antioxidant status, CoQ10 is 10 times more potent than vitamin E[*], making CoQ10 one of the most potent antioxidants available.

CoQ10 also:

  • Helps you synthesize ATP — usable cellular energy
  • May have anti-cancer activity

Like other meats, heart is also high in selenium, iron, and zinc. And since the heart is a muscle, it tastes more like normal steak than other offal does. Chicken hearts are probably your mildest option.

#3 Kidney

Kidney contains many of the nutrients that liver does, as well as high amounts of selenium — an antioxidant mineral required for immune health and sex hormone production[*]. Selenium is also important for renal health, or kidney function[*].

In other words, eating kidney is good for your kidneys.

#4 Tongue

Tongue has a similar micronutrient profile to other meats — high in iron, zinc, etc. — but it’s especially high in fat. The high fat content not only makes tongue tender, but also a great option for high-fat ketogenic diets.

#5 Stomach and Intestines

Stomach and intestines aren’t packed with nutrients like liver, but they still contain a decent dose of selenium. Plus, like most entrails, these digestive organs are very high in collagen protein.

Collagen is rich in rare amino acids — glycine and proline — that support skin health, hair health, wound healing, and stable blood sugar[*]. Collagen, in fact, is a major reason our ancestors ate offal and shunned muscle meat.

Tripe — the inner lining of an animal’s stomach — is probably the most commonly served form of this variety meat.

#6 Brain

Brain has a mild flavor and high fat content. And if it comes from a grass-fed animal, it’s an extraordinary source of bioavailable omega-3 fatty acids.

And since high-fat, low-carb diets can stimulate production of neuroprotective ketones — you might say that eating brain is good for your brain.

#7 Tail

Oxtails, pig tails, and bison tails are not internal organs, but they’re still considered offal. They’re gelatinous cuts that are rich in beneficial collagen protein and are perfect for stews or broths.

#8 Sweetbread

Sweetbread — a term from the 16th century — is not bread. Rather, sweetbread refers to the thymus, or gullet (esophagus), of an animal. Typically sweetbread is calf, lamb, cow, or pig gullet.

Sweetbread contains B12 and selenium, but it’s not a supplemental powerhouse like liver. It’s more of a delicacy[*].

In addition to the eight types of offal listed above, there’s also gizzard, pancreas, spleen, hide, lung, snout, testicle, and pig ears. Bone marrow is sometimes considered offal too.

From a nutrient-density standpoint, the best three organ meats are liver, heart, and kidney.

And if you could only choose one organ meat, choose liver. It has the most micronutrients of all the options on this list.

Organ Meats Vs. Multivitamin Supplements

Humans evolved to get nutrients from food. Whole foods offer a complex array of enzymes, compounds, vitamins, minerals, and cofactors that you’ve evolved to digest. It’s quite different from taking isolated nutrients in a pill.

Organ meats like liver, heart, and kidney are nutritional powerhouses — not just for their individual nutrients — but for the synergistic effect of these nutrients when consumed together.

The idea behind this concept — called “food synergy” — is that nutrients like vitamin A, vitamin D, and magnesium don’t operate alone, but rather in tandem with other food-based compounds.

Take these nutrients in isolation (in pill form, for example), and they won’t have the same effect on your body.

Whole foods help you absorb nutrients better. For example, vitamins A, D, and K are called fat soluble vitamins because they must be consumed with fat for optimal absorption[*]. A pill alone won’t do.

Here are more examples of food synergy from a 2009 paper in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition[*]:

  • Tomatoes have a larger effect on prostate tissue than lycopene alone
  • In a test tube, apple with the skin inhibits cancer progression more than apple flesh alone
  • Full pomegranates appear to have more anti-cancer effects than individual components within the fruit

Another reason to eat whole foods is to prevent nutrient toxicity. Too much supplemental vitamin A, for instance, seems to be toxic[*]. But unless you eat, say, polar bear liver — overdoing dietary vitamin A is highly unlikely.*

*Although you should check with your doctor if you’re pregnant and eating a ton of liver.

The case against pill-form supplementing doesn’t end with vitamin A. Consider the following:

  • In a massive meta analysis involving 232,606 participants, both beta carotene (vitamin A precursor) and vitamin E supplementation were correlated with increased all-cause mortality[*]
  • Excess folate supplementation may promote cancer progression[*]
  • Multivitamin supplementation was found to have no effect on cancer, heart disease, or mortality in 161,808 postmenopausal women[*]

Does this mean you should never supplement? Not at all.

There’s good research, for instance, on supplemental vitamin D and omega 3s (fish and krill oils) — both of which are difficult to get through diet alone[*][*]. Other targeted nutrients may also be appropriate, depending on the individual.

To cover your micronutrient bases, another good option is a full-spectrum greens powder. Green powders are made from real food — delivering nutrients closer to how nature intended.

But for a genuine superfood, nothing beats organ meat.

How Often Should You Eat Offal?

As you just learned, micronutrients from food keep your body running smoothly. And offal — especially beef liver — is packed with micronutrients.

A small amount of beef liver contains your daily — and sometimes weekly — needs for many nutrients such as iron, copper, zinc, folate, B12, choline, and vitamin A.

The good news is: when you eat beef liver, your cells store many of these nutrients. In other words, you don’t need to consume cow liver every day.

With this in mind, strategy #1 is to eat a decent hunk of beef liver (4-6 ounces) once per week. Then you can forget about liver until seven days later.

If you don’t want to eat four ounces of beef liver in a sitting, you can try strategy #2: eat a very small amount (an ounce or less) every day. You could make pâté, for instance, and dip in consistently before dinner.

Other kinds of offal — chicken liver, kidney, heart, brain, etc — are less nutrient dense, so feel free to eat them more frequently.

How To Get More Offal Into Your Diet

Liver is a powerful food that can deliver all your micronutrient needs in one sitting. Heart and kidney are good too.

The trouble is that organ meats taste pretty terrible to most people. They’re pungent, gamey, earthy, and generally unpalatable on their own.

That’s what herbs, spices, and recipes are for. Here’s one tried and tested way to make organ meat taste delicious.

Sauteed Grass Fed Beef Liver

  1. Cut liver into thin strips and season with your favorite herbs and spices: turmeric, rosemary, oregano, thyme, salt, pepper, etc.
  2. In a pan, heat butter or other healthy cooking oil to medium heat
  3. Cook liver on both sides 1-2 minutes until pink in the middle

That should taste pretty good — but if you really can’t stand the taste of liver, there’s a fix for that too: make a chili.

Here’s an awesome, keto-friendly chili recipe. The only change is — in addition to the grass-fed ground beef — add some beef liver, chicken liver, kidney, heart, stomach and, if you’re feeling adventurous, gizzard. With all the spices and the mellowness of the ground beef, you won’t even taste the offal.

Check out this keto grocery list for more ideas on buying and preparing offal.

Offal Around The World

offal around the world

People from every corner of the earth — Western and Eastern cultures alike — eat offal. Everything from street food to gourmet cuisine. Here are some examples:

  • England and Ireland: Having eaten organ pie for centuries (originally “humble pie”), the English still serve meat pie made of steak and kidneys. Liver and onions is also popular with the British and Irish, as are “head cheese” (various parts of a pig, sheep or cow, usually set in aspic), “black pudding” (a porridge-like combo of pig’s blood and small intestine), and — in middle English regions — sausages made of caul fat (caul fat is the membrane around organs).
  • Scotland: The Scottish enjoy haggis — a mixture of liver, heart, and other organs stuffed into a sheep’s stomach
  • France: The French are famous for foie gras, a delicacy made of duck or goose liver. If you order foie gras at a French restaurant, get your checkbook ready. It probably won’t be cheap.
  • Germany: You’ve probably heard of liverwurst. This German staple is usually made of calf or pig liver.
  • Italy: Italians eat trippa (boiled stomach), pajata (calf intestines), and various other entrails and organs.
  • Spain: Blood sausage (morcilla) is a favorite in certain regions of Spain, but the Spanish also feature liver, stomach, tongue, and feet in traditional cuisine.
  • Japan: The Japanese serve a dish called yakitori, often made with chicken offal
  • China: Offal consumption reaches back into Chinese history as both food and medicine. Pork offal — liver, kidneys, ears, and blood — is generally the organ meat of choice.
  • Vietnam: Visit a Vietnamese restaurant and you’ll likely find a dish called Pho on the menu. Order the right type of this dish and you’ll receive a delicious soup containing beef offal — typically stomach and tendon.

And this is just the tip of the iceberg. Nearly every countries and culture has signature offal dishes — suggesting that these animal parts are very good for you.

But, brain? Liver? Can all of these organ meats be good for you? And is there any danger to eating offal weekly?

Is Offal Dangerous?

Animal parts like liver and heart contain nutrients in the proper proportions to fuel your body.

So as a rule: eating offal is safe and healthy — and you should strive to include organ meats in your diet.

There are, however, some contraindications to be aware of:

  • Beef liver is high in copper, and for some, excess copper can cause liver issues[*]. Other minerals (like zinc and iron) in beef liver help offset copper toxicity, but if excess copper is still a concern for you: you should favor chicken or pork liver — low in copper yet still high in other nutrients.
  • Those with gout should limit intake of purines. Purines are compounds found in meat (including offal) that turn, once digested, into uric acid. Excess uric acid can lead to gout[*]
  • Not that you would, but don’t eat polar bear liver. It has toxic levels of vitamin A[*].

Speaking of liver, is it really a good idea to eat this detoxification organ?

What About Toxins In Liver?

In animals and humans alike, the liver is a critical organ. It regulates cholesterol levels, aids in digestion, and helps clear harmful toxins from the body.

If you eat a detox organ, doesn’t that mean you’re eating toxins?

It seems logical, but no, that’s not the case. Toxins are detoxified — or methylated — in the liver, but they aren’t stored in the liver. Instead toxins are stored in adipocytes, or fat cells[*].

That’s why fatty cuts of grain-fed beef are often full of antibiotics, hormones, and whatever else the mistreated cow was eating.

It’s also a big reason why grass-fed beef is healthier than grain-fed beef: the fat doesn’t have such a high accumulation of toxins.

But what about grass-fed liver?

Do You Have To Buy Grass-Fed Liver?

Since most organ meats don’t store toxins, it’s not super important — from a health perspective — to buy grass-fed offal.

There are other reasons, however, to buy grass-fed animal products. Buying grass-fed:

  • Fights inhumane factory farming practices
  • Supports local farmers
  • Helps the environment (buying local decreases pollution)
  • Mitigates antibiotic usage and prevents antibiotic resistance
  • Helps cows live happy lives

Unlike prime cuts of grass-fed beef, grass-fed organ meats like beef liver and beef tongue are cheap. So find your local farmer and grab some grass-fed organ meats.

Want More Nutrients? Eat More Offal

Thousands of years ago, humans loved eating liver, heart, and kidneys. They knew, somehow, that offal was a superfood. The nutritional profile of beef liver, in particular, reads like a multivitamin label.

You don’t need much liver to meet your weekly quota of choline, zinc, folate, B12, vitamin A, copper, and iron.

These micronutrients help keep you strong and healthy — and since they’re coming from food, they’re vastly preferable to the pill form.

Diet can be complicated, but eating organ meats doesn’t have to be. Use these recipes to make organ meat taste great and include it in your diet every week. You’ll feel great.

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2 thoughts on “Eating Offal 101: The Keto Guide To Organ Meats

  1. Is it fine to eat lamb/beef heart, kidney and other organs every day? I enjoy them more than any other food! My brain and body feels much better that way. I hope it makes me less spacy not more. Thank you. Also MTHFR

    1. Hi @SaraEmily, you may eat it every day but watch out for your macros. Be sure that you’re counting your macros right and staying within your health goal.

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